Well, well, well. The magic little island with a ramshackle testing regime slips the noose without investigation. I wonder why?
No such luck for Alberto Contador.
And Angel Heredia of BALCO witness fame appears.
http://www.sportschau.de/doping/doping-testergebnisse-englisch-100.html
More analysis from Ross Tucker
blackcat
According to information from the ARD anti-doping editorial staff, in 2016 during the re-analysis for banned substances, clenbuterol was detected in several urine samples from the 2008 Jamaican Olympics team. And these also included samples from the Caribbean island’s male sprinters, according to the ARD research team.
However, it could not be excluded that the banned substance entered the athletes’ bodies through the consumption of contaminated meat. Furthermore, according to Niggli, the clenbuterol levels were potentially so minimal that any proceedings against athletes would have little prospect of success. For which reason, WADA agreed to the IOC’s approach here not to pursue the positive tests further.
No such luck for Alberto Contador.
And Angel Heredia of BALCO witness fame appears.
Witness Heredia confirms contact
Angel Heredia was one of the best-known dealers in the business. The Mexican supplied top athletes with banned substances – including the sprinters from the Caribbean. Then he quit dealing and became a key witness for America’s crime-fighting authorities. When he spoke to the ARD anti-doping editorial staff, Heredia recalled that in 2007 and 2008, in the period leading up to the Beijing Games, "There were plenty of questions from Jamaican coaches [contacting and] asking me [...] if clenbuterol was good for sprinting," Herdedia said. "They have asked me since very long, even years before that, they asked me how clenbuterol was good for sprinters and they were asking me questions how to use it. And whether it was good for sprinting, for recovering and all this stuff. Basically clenbuterol, [...] they used it a lot for recovery, for increasing their oxygen intake, you know, for anti-asthmatic properties." When asked how high he thought the probability was that Jamaican athletes used clenbuterol for doping purposes at the 2008 Beijing Games, he reckoned it to be, "a hundred percent. A hundred percent."
http://www.sportschau.de/doping/doping-testergebnisse-englisch-100.html
More analysis from Ross Tucker
http://sportsscientists.com/2017/04/jamaican-clenbuterol-positives-procedural-failure-credibility/In this particular case, however, it would appear that no process was even initiated, and these numerous cases of low clenbuterol were simply dismissed as the result of contamination. At least, that’s the official line, according to Olivier Niggli, the DG of WADA. In his words:
“If the levels of clenbuterol in the sample are compatible with food contamination, in other words if its levels are relatively low, compared to what you’d normally have if you’ve taken it directly, it has been accepted, and WADA has accepted that, that these cases would simply not be reported. Of course, this is not great, because if you’re cheating, if you’re a cheater, you have perfect excuse if you get caught. But that’s where we are”
So, unless I’m reading this incorrectly, the official “accepted” position is that very low levels are dismissed. They’re treating clenbuterol as a threshold drug, in other words, and saying that only when the levels reach X will they pursue it as likely doping.
There are two problems with this:
First, clenbuterol is explicitly NOT a threshold drug. It’s one of the drugs where any detection, however small, is meant to trigger a positive result and subsequent pursuit of explanations and confirmation. That seems to be inconsistent with how it is being done in practice, which is problematic. At best, you have a procedural irregularity when you fail to respond to its presence in urine.
Second, the conceptual “scientific” problem with this is that the level you detect in a sample at Point Z in time is the result of two things: Time gone by, and amount ingested. The amount you’d detect after say, two weeks, is obviously going to be considerably lower than that you’d detect in two days. And if you ingest or inject twice the amount of a drug, it will be detected in higher amounts (not necessarily twice as high because it doesn’t disappear linearly).
So, you have interplay between time and amount – a big dose taken a long time ago looks like a small dose taken recently, and may look like food contamination. The result is that you can throw back a huge dose, provided you’re tested far enough into the future that the levels have declined to what Niggli would call “compatible” with food contamination.
There is no way to tell how long a drug has been in an athlete’s body when you have only one sample. So if these clenbuterol positives come from one occasion in Beijing, then this argument is wrong.
blackcat